THE EVOLUTION OF PEDAGOGY: DESIGN-THINKING PERSPECTIVES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING
Abstract
Standard rote learning and grammar based approaches struggle to meet the functional communication needs and emotional demands of learners in 2023. This article investigates the Design-Thinking (DT), a human-centered and iterative problem-solving framework, in Foreign Language Teaching (FLT) context. DT moves the focus from "what is taught" to "how the learner uses their experience of language," providing a route to both higher student engagement and genuine (practical) fluency.
References
Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th
ed.). Pearson Education.
Dörnyei, Z. (2005). The psychology of the language learner: Individual
differences in second language acquisition. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Krashen, S. D. (1982). Principles and practice in second language
acquisition. Pergamon Press.
Larsen-Freeman, D., & Anderson, M. (2011). Techniques and principles in
language teaching (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press.
Nunan, D. (2004). Task-based language teaching. Cambridge University
Press.
Richards, J. C., & Rodgers, T. S. (2014). Approaches and methods in
language teaching (3rd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Sawyer, R. K. (2014). The Cambridge handbook of the learning sciences
(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher
psychological processes. Harvard University Press.







