ASSESSING BIOLOGY ACHIEVEMENT USING THE RASCH MODEL
Keywords:
Rasch model; item difficulty; student ability; Wright map; infit and outfit; distractor analysis.Abstract
Biology achievement of 9 th-grade graduates from general secondary schools was assessed using the Rasch model. In this study, test results from 423 students were analyzed, and the difficulty levels of 48 test items and students’ ability levels were estimated on a common logit scale. Item fit to the Rasch model was examined using infit/outfit indices, and overall fit was found to be satisfactory. However, the outfit values of some items exceeded the acceptable threshold, indicating misfit to the model. Using the Wright map, the distribution of item difficulties and student abilities was examined, revealing that for certain ability ranges there were not enough items. Distractor analysis demonstrated the quality and depth of the items and confirmed that response options selected by fewer than 5 % of examinees were ineffective. Based on the findings, improving the biology test requires reviewing misfitting items, replacing weak distractors, and adding new items matched to different ability levels.
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